Perhaps not coincidentally, a circle is the easiest pattern for hoaxers to create. Nocturnal creation. Crop circles are formed overnight, often sighted by farmers or passersby the next morning.
Though there seems no logical reason for extraterrestrials or earth energies to only create patterns at night, it is obviously a great advantage for hoaxers to create the designs under the cover of darkness; full moon nights are especially popular.
Camera shyness. Crop circles have never been recorded being made except, of course, for those created by hoaxers. This is a very suspicious trait; after all, if mysterious earthly forces or aliens are at work, there's no reason to think that they wouldn't happen when cameras are recording. Access to roads. Crop circles usually appear in fields that provide reasonably easy public access, close to roads and highways.
They rarely appear in remote, inaccessible areas. Because of this, the patterns are usually noticed within a day or two of their creation by passing motorists. There are many theories about what creates crop circles, including aliens, mysterious vortices, time travelers and wind patterns, but they all lack one important element: good evidence. The only known cause of crop circles is humans.
Perhaps one day a mysterious, unknown source will be discovered for crop circles, but until the perhaps they are best thought of as collective public art. Live Science. A photo of the creature taken in by the surgeon Colonel Robert Wilson made its way into the papers and for decades was taken as evidence that a sea monster lived in Loch Ness.
Finally in , sixty years after the photograph first emerged, the truth came out. One of the men involved admitted to creating a model from a toy submarine fitted with a serpent head. The hoax was well planned; Colonel Wilson was chosen as a frontman because of his respected status. In the skull of a "million year old" human was discovered in Piltdown, Sussex by an amateur archaeologist.
Scientists believed this 'Piltdown Man' was the missing link between primates and humans. Then in it was exposed as a hoax. The skull fragments were only years old, and the jaw bone belonged to an orangutan. And therein lies the twist in the story. In croppy culture, common parlance is turned on its head. Those circle-makers who are prepared to comment on this semantic reversal do so with some amusement. In keeping with New Age thought, it is by dissociating with scientific tradition that the circle-makers return art to a more unified function, where images and objects are imbued with special powers.
This art is intended to be a provocative, collective and ritual enterprise. And as such, it is often inherently ambiguous and open to interpretation. To the circle-maker, the greater the range of interpretations inspired in the audience the better. Both makers and interpreters have an interest in the circles being perceived as magical, and this entails their tacit agreement to avoid questions of authorship.
Doug Bower now tells friends that he wishes he had kept quiet and continued his nocturnal jaunts in secret. The region is home to many non-Chinese ethnic minorities, including most of China's Muslims. Several of Zhang's stone patterns surround vast piles of stones gathered to commemorate not ancient Chinese but warrior nomads known as the Scythians, an Indo-Iranian people with Caucasian features.
The Scythian connection will fuel fevered croppie speculation, since their conquests were so extensive that Western historians have identified cultural interaction with the ancient Celts, whose religious sites have been among the leading locations for crop circles.
Based in a region at the heart of the old Silk Road, Zhang is keen to explore these tenuous links between East and West. The first publicly recorded crop circle. Zhang noted a similar reaction to a pattern in Qinghe, encircling a stone pile and tombstone with a deer engraving. For years, Chairman Mao waged war on "superstitious" beliefs he saw holding back his attempts to modernise China.
In these more liberal times, year-old Zhang has spent six years specialising in China's "mysterious culture".
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