Antifreeze is said to be swee t and animals like to eat or drink it. But ingestion of antifreeze can often be fatal if it's not immediately treated. Even a relatively small amount can prove lethal: one teaspoon 1. It also acts very fast - in many cases, your pet can die within 24 hours and if you are not treating it within a few hours of ingestion, there is a serious chance of permanent kidney damage, usually fatal.
Cats Protection reported 1, cases of anti-freeze poisoning between November and December , an average of 50 deaths per month. Ethylene glycol is metabolized by the liver and travels in the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it forms insoluble calcium oxalate crystals inside the renal tubules.
Once metabolism of the ethylene glycol has reached a certain point, there is no way to stop it. Because these crystals are insoluble, there is no way to remove them from the body. They cause permanent damage to the kidney tissue, which can ultimately lead to kidney failure.
The earlier treatment is started the greater the chance of survival. Once kidney failure develops, most pets will die. Symptoms The symptoms of antifreeze poisoning depend upon the time after ingestion. Symptoms can begin as soon as 30 minutes after the antifreeze has been ingested and may last about 12 hours. The first symptoms are: Appearing drunk Depressed behavior laying still or the pet has no interest in what is happening around it Frequent urination Increased thirst Staggering Tremors or seizures Vomiting Wobbling After the first stage the pet may appear to feel better but in a day or two get much worse as the kidneys begin to fail.
The amount of urine passed will often decrease to a very small amount. At this point, the liver will have broken down the ethylene glycol, the active ingredient in antifreeze, changing it into more toxic substances. Further symptoms may not be noticeable for days and irreparable damage may be occurring.
Vomiting may reoccur, as well as loss of appetite, dehydration, inability to urinate, salivation, seizures, mouth ulcers, coma and death. The diagnosis of antifreeze poisoning is made by blood and urine tests although some of these tests become negative by the time kidney failure develops. Treatment Pets who suffer kidney failure due to antifreeze poisoning can occasionally be saved with aggressive treatment.
Antifreeze typically contains ethylene glycol, methanol, and propylene glycol. Although the chemicals in antifreeze are relatively nontoxic, the body can metabolize them into highly toxic alcohol byproducts.
Symptoms of antifreeze poisoning may take time to develop, and they can be similar to alcohol intoxication. Anyone who suspects that they or someone else has ingested antifreeze should seek immediate medical attention or call the American Association of Poison Control Centers AAPCC for expert advice at In this article, we discuss what to do if someone ingests antifreeze.
We also cover symptoms, treatment, and complications of antifreeze poisoning. A person should call immediately or go straight to the emergency room if they suspect that they or someone else has ingested antifreeze. It is vital to seek help, even if a person does not show or feel symptoms of antifreeze poisoning. People who are unsure whether they or someone else has ingested antifreeze can also call the AAPCC for expert advice at Accidentally ingesting antifreeze can happen for many reasons.
For example, children may drink antifreeze because ethylene glycol tastes sweet. A person may accidentally drink antifreeze that someone has stored in an unlabeled container, such as a glass, food jar, or drinks bottle. However, ingesting antifreeze is not always accidental.
Some individuals may use antifreeze as an alternative source of alcohol. Other people may intentionally ingest antifreeze as a means of self-harm or in an attempt to take their own life. Symptoms of antifreeze poisoning may not appear immediately after a person ingests it, as it takes time for the body to metabolize the chemicals.
The body converts the chemicals in antifreeze into smaller alcohols and acids. These can include:. The onset and severity of symptoms can vary according to several factors, such as the type and amount of antifreeze the person ingested.
The first stage of antifreeze poisoning typically begins between 30 minutes and 12 hours after a person ingests it. The ethylene glycol in antifreeze affects the central nervous system first. Early symptoms of antifreeze poisoning may appear similar to those of alcohol intoxication. This article discusses poisoning caused by swallowing antifreeze. This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure.
If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number such as or the National Poison Control Center at Hyperventilation is rapid and deep breathing. It is also called overbreathing, and it may leave you feeling breathless. Most people take breathing for granted. People with certain illnesses may have breathing problems that they deal with on a regular basis. This arti Blood in your urine is called hematuria.
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The term "seizure" is often
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